One of the main challenges is the very nature of the Antarctic environment. Extreme weather conditions, uneven terrain and a lack of permanent infrastructure mean that any visit to the region requires careful preparation and a high level of adaptability. Expedition ships are one of the few options for access, and although in recent years some companies have made efforts to improve accessibility on board, there are still significant limitations. Ship design, lack of adequate disembarkation assistance systems and logistical difficulties in ensuring mobility on frozen ground are some of the areas where improvements are needed.

Despite these challenges, some companies have begun to implement changes to encourage more inclusive tourism in Antarctica. Among the initiatives highlighted are the adaptation of cabins and common spaces on cruise ships, the training of staff in specialised assistance, and the incorporation of equipment designed to facilitate mobility in extreme conditions. In addition, some agencies have begun to develop specific programmes that allow travellers with disabilities to enjoy the Antarctic experience without compromising their safety or comfort.

The study also highlights a key issue in the perception of disability in extreme environments. Antarctica, with its challenging conditions, forces all travellers, regardless of their physical abilities, to rely on specialised equipment and assistance to move around safely. This reality blurs the boundary between ‘ability’ and ‘disability’, leading to reflection on how these categories are defined in different contexts. In practice, anyone visiting Antarctica must adapt to an environment that is not designed for human mobility, suggesting that accessibility should not only be seen as a matter of inclusion, but as a universal need in extreme conditions.

Expedition tourism in Antarctica is in an evolutionary phase, and accessibility plays a crucial role in its future. With the growing interest in making tourism a more equitable and sustainable activity, companies operating in the region have the opportunity to lead significant change. Implementing strategies that enable greater inclusion will not only benefit travellers with disabilities, but will also enrich the experience of all visitors by promoting a more conscious and tailored approach to the needs of modern explorers.

The study concludes that while progress has been made, there is still a long way to go to ensure that Antarctica is an accessible destination for all. A combination of technology, design innovation and increased awareness in the tourism industry could make the difference in the coming years. With the right commitment, expedition tourism in Antarctica could become a model of inclusivity in adventure tourism, demonstrating that even the most extreme environments can be explored without exclusion.